MEDICINAL PLANTS

                             IMPORTANT MEDICINAL PLANTS OF KERALA

No	Species / Family	Malayalam name	Distribution in Kerala	Useful parts	Important compounds /derivatives	Important properties / local clinical uses
1	Abrus precatorius.L	Kunni	Cultivated; occasionally wild in forest plantations	Leaf, seed, root	Abrine, abraliuabrine (alks.)	Blood purifier, sedative contraceptive, abortifacient aphrodisiac antipyretic
2	Acorus calamus L. Araceae	Vayampu	Marshy / swampy places in the high ranges of Munnar and vicinity above 800m. altitude	Rhizhome	Acorin Essential oil	Emetic, stomachic, digestive, antidote, insectifuge
3	Actinodaphene hookeri Meissn. tauraceae	Malavirinji	Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests	Leaf, seed	Actinodaphnine (alk.)	Antidiabetic, diuretic; sprains
4	Adhatoda zeylanica Medicus Acanthaccae	Adalodakam	Common in plains and moist mixed deciduous forests, rarely also in evergreen forests	Leaf, root, flower	Vasicine (alk.) essential oil	Expectorant; asthma, bronchitis, rheumatism
5	Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa Rutaceae	Koovalam	Grown in homestead or temple gardens	Fruit (ripe and unripe), root bark	Marmalosin, essential oil (a and b phyllandrene)	Dysentery, fever cataract
6	Aerva lanata (L.) Juss.Amaranthaceae	Cherula	In plains and moist or dry mixed deciduous forests at medium elevations	Whole plant, root	.	Diuretic, anthelminthic
7	Alangium salvifolium(L.f.)Wang Alangiaceae	Ankolam	Moist mixed deciduous forests	Fruit, leaf, root	Alangine (alk.)	Purgative, antipyretic, anthelminthic; rheumatism
8	Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth.Mimosaceae	Nenmenivaka	Moist mixed deciduous forests	Stem and root bark, seed	Gum, saponin, tannin	Astringent, antidote, anthelmninthic; asthma infections, ophthalmia
9	Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. Liliaceae	Kumari	Cultivated	Root, juice of the plant	Atoin, isobarbalain, emodin	Stomachic, purgative, emmenagogue; piles, fever, menstrual suppressions, colic

 

10	Alpinia galanga(L.) Willd. Zingiberaceae	Aratha	Evergreen forests; mostly cultivated	Rhizhome	Essential oil	Rheumatism,fever, catarrh, diabetes, hepatic disorders
11	Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br. Apocynaceae	Ezhilampala	Moist mixed deciduous forests	Stem bark	Echitenine ditamine echitamine echitamidine (alks.)	Vermifuge antidysenteric diarrhoea, ulcer, antidote to snake bite
12	Amaranthus spinosus L. Amaranthacaeae	Mullanchera	In the plains as a weed in paddy fields	Plant, leaf, root		Laxative
13	Anacardium occidentale L. Anacardiaceae	parankimavu	Cultivated and naturalized in coastal areas	Bark, root, nut	Cardol, anacardicacid	Astringent, antidiarrhoeal, nutritive, purgative; leprosy, ulcers
14	Anamirtu cocculus (L.) W. & A Menispermaceae	Polla	Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests	Leaf, fruit	Picrotoxin	Antipyretic, expectorant; rheumatism
15	Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees Acanthaceae	Kiriyath, Nilaveppu	Coastal plains, moist mixed deciduous forests and scrub jungles	Whole plant, 'leaf, root	Andrograp- holoide neoandro- graphotoide (alks.)	Bitter stomachic, tonic, anthelminthic; bacillary dysentery
16.	Anisomeles malabarica (L.) R. Br.Lamiaceae	karimthumpa	Moist mixed deciduous forests	Whole plant, leaf	Alkaloid; essential oil	Antipyretic; rheumatism, dyspepsia, catarrah
17	Anthocephalus chinensis (Lam.) Walp. Rubiaceae	Kadampu	Semi-evergreen forests, especially along the banks of rivers or streams	Stem bark, leaf	Active principle similar to cinchotamic acid	Febrifuge; astringent, antidysenteric
18	Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.)Lesch. Moraceae	Maravuri	Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests	Latex, seed	Antiarin, antiaresin, toxicarin	Febrifuge, antidysenteric
19	Aphmamixis polystachya (Walt.) Parker Meliaceae	Chemmaram	'Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests	Stem bark, seed	Fixed oil	Astringent, stomachic; rheumatism, hepatic disorders, ulcers.
20	Areca catechu L.Arecaceae	Kamuku	Cultivated	Nut	Arecaine, arec0line (alks.)	Anthehninthic aphrodisiac

 

21	Aristolochia indica L. Aristolochiaceae	Garudakodi	Semi-evergreen or moist mixed deciduous forests	Root, leaf	Arisolochin(alk.)	Emmenagogue antipyretic; antidot for snakebite leucoderma
22	Aristolochia tagala Cham. Aristolochiaceae	Pathalagarud- akodi	Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests	Whole plant		Bowel complaints
23	Asparagus racemosus Willd.-Liliaceae	Sathavari	Semi-evergreen and moist mixed deciduous forests	Root	Sarsapogenin	Diuretic, aphrodisia- ntiseptic, antidysenteric; tuberculosis, lepros
24	Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Meliaceae	Vepu	Mostly cultivated, occasionally wild in dry deciduous forests	Bark, leaf, fruit, seed, root	Azadirachtin(alk.)	Bitter tonic, astringent, insectciaon non food plants

25	Bacopa monnieri(L.) Pennell Scrophulariaceae	Brahmi	Wet, damp, marshy areas throughout Kerala	Whole plant, stem, leaf	Brahmine herpestine	Brain tonic, diuretic asthma, epilepsy, anaemia, fever
26	Bambusa arundinaceae (Retz.) Willd Poaceae	Mula	Moist or dry mixed deciduous forests and bamboo brakes	Leaf, stem, root,seed	Cholin betaine	Tonic, expectorant antipyretic, anthelminthic; leprosy, leucoderma
27	Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC.Oxalidaceae	Mukkuti	In plains and moist mixed deciduous forests	Leaf, root, seed		Astringent, antipyretic, antiselep
28	Boerhavia diffusa L. Nyctaginaceae	Thazhuthama	As a common weed along coastal plains and dry or moist mixed deciduous forests	Root	Punarnavine	Diuretic, laxative, expectorant; asthm jaundice
29	Bombax ceiba L. Bombacaceae	Elavu	Semi-evergreen and moist deciduous forests	Gum, root, fruit	Catechutannic acid	aphrodisiac, antidysenteric, antihaemostatic
30	Borassus flabellifer L.Arecaceae	Karimpana	Naturalized in coastal plains and occasionally wild in dry or moist deciduous forests	Juice of the plant fruit pulp, root		Restorative, diuretic stimulant, nutritive inflammatory affections and apropsy
31	Butea monosperma (Lath.) Taub. Papilionaceae	Plasu	Dry mixed deciduous forests	Stem bark, leaf, flower, seed	Butein butrin (alks.)	Astringent, aphrodisiac. anthelminthic, diuretic, emmenagoguc

32	Calophyllum inophyllum L. Clusiaceae	Punna	A common riverine tree along coastal regions and also in semi-evergreen forests	Bark, leaf, seed	Seed oil. aromatic resin	Astringent, emetic,purgative; skindiseases and rheumatism
33	Calotropis gigantea(L.) R. Br. Asclepiadaceae	Erikku	Common along the plains and also in dry mixed deciduous forests and scrubs	Root bark, leaf, flowe	Calotropin calotoxin(alks.)	Antidysenteric, antipyretic, expectorant, purgative; fever, cold, asthma
34	Calycopteris .fioribunda Lam. Combretaceae	pullani	Moist mixed deciduous forests and scrub jungles, common in the plains	Leaf	Calycopterin	Astringent, anthelminthic, antidysenteric; malaria, ulcer
35	Cardiospermum haticacabum L. Sapindaceae	Uzhinja	Naturalized; common in plains, especially in waste lands	Whole plant, leaf, root	Saponin	Diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue; rheumatism, nervous disorders

 

36	Cassia fistula L.Ceasalpiniaceae	Kanikonna	Moist mixed deciduous forests, also in cultivtion	Root bark, seed, leaf	Anthraquinone derivatives	Astringent, laxative cathartic, febrifuge,purgative; rhemnatism, skin diseases
37	Catunaregam spinosum (Thunb.) Tiruvengadum Rubiaceae	Kara, malankara	Moist and dry mixed deciduous forests	bark, fruit	Essential oil saponin Acid resin	Astringent, anthelminthic abortifacient, aphrodisiac, carminative, antipyretic; rheumatism, puhnonary infections,ulcer, leprosy
39	Centella asiatica (L.) Urban Apiaceae	Kudakan, Kudangal	In wet marshy places through out the plains and also in secondary  forests	Whole plant, leaf	Asiaticosidehy drocotylin(,alks.)	Alterative, memoryenhancer, brain tonic,skin diseases, leprosy,tuberculosis
40	Cinnamum verum Presl.Lauraceae	karuva, Vayana	Evergreen forests	Bark	Essential oil	Aromatic, astringent, eugenol carminative, stomachic; nausea, vomiting, bilicosinous, diarrhoea, heart diseases

 

41	Cissampelos pareira L. Menispermaceae	Malathangi	Moist mixed deciduous forests and scrub jungles	Root, leaf	Scepeerine bebeerine cissampeline (alks.)	Diuretic, purgative, stomachic antidiarrhoeal; genital and urinary disorders, heart complaints
42	Clerodendrum viscosum Vent Verbenaceae	Peruku	In plains and degraded forest areas and plantations	Leaf, flower, root	Clerodin	Vermifuge, antimalarial; tumors, skin diseases, antidote for snakebite / scorpion sting
43	Clitoria ternatea L. Papilionaceae	Sankupnshpam	Moist mixed deciduous forests, also cultivated in homestead gardens	Whole plant, root, root bark, seed	Fixed oil, tannins and resins	Purgative, cathartic, diuretic, laxative; antidote to snakebite
44	Coscinium. fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr. Menispermaceae	Maramanjat	Evergreen forests	Root, wood, bark	Berberine saponin	Bitter tonic, stomachic, antiseptic diabetes, anaemia, ophthahnia, antidote for snake poison
45	Curculigo orchioides Gaertn Liliaceae	Nilappana	Senti-evergreen, moist deciduous forests and high altitude grasslands	Rhizome	Alcohol, tannin, starch	Diuretic, aphrodisiac. demulcent; piles, leucorrhoea, gonorrhoea,  .jaundice skin diseases
46	Curcuma aromattica Salisb. Zingiberaceae	Kasturimanjal	Cultivated	Rhizome	Essential oil	Ionic, carminative; scabies, eruption of small pox, improving skin complexion.
47	Curcuma longa L. Zingiberaceae	Manjal	Cultivated, very rare in wild	Rhizome	Curcumin (alk.) essential oil	Antiseptic, anthehninthic, carminative: sprains and wounds
48	Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.)Rose. Zingiberaceae	kachurikizhangu	Cultivated and naturalized	Rhizome	Essential Oil	Stomachic, diuretic,stimulent, carminative, antiseptic; bruises and pains
49	Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Convolvulaceae	Akasavalli, Moodillathali	In the plains,mostly in dry mixed deciduous forests and scrub jungles	Stem, seed	Cuscutin cuscutalin(alk.)	Carminative, anthelminthic alterative, purgative;fever, bilious disorders
50	Cyclea peltata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thorns. Menispermaceae	Padakizhangu, padathali	Dry and moist mixed deciduous forests and scrub jungles	Leaf, root	(d-Tetradrine dl-Tetradrine iso chondro- dendrine)(alk.)	Sedative, antipyretic; antidysenteric; jaundice, asthma, leprosy
51	Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Poaceae	Karuka	Forest plantations and openings in all forest types	Whole plant, root	Digestive nutrients proteins and hydrocyanic acid	Diuretic, antiseptic, astringent, antidiarrhoeal, antidysenteric; venereal diseases, catarrah

52	Desmodiun gangeticum (L.) DC.Papilionaceae	Orila	Evergreen and moist mixed deciduous forests	Root	.	Astringent, diuretic, antidiarrhoeal;  fever, biliousness, cough, vomiting, asthma, antidote to snake- bite / scorpion sting
53	Dioscorea bulbifera L. Dioscoreaceae	Kattukachil	SeIni-evergreen and moist mixed deciduous forests	Stem tuber	Poisonous glucosides	Aphrodisiac, stomachic, anthehninthic, expectorant; piles, dysentery, syphilis, ulcers

54	Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.Asteraceae	Kayonni	Wet, marshy places in the plains, mostly as a weed	Whole plant, leaf,root	Ecliptine(alk.)	Tonic, deobstureot in hepatic and spleen enlargements, purgative, antiseptic; jaundice, catarrah
55	Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton Zingiberaceae	Elam	Evergreen forests above 800m; cultivated	Seed	Essential oil	Aromatic, stomachi carminative, diureti antibacterial
56	Embelia ribes Burm.f. Myrsinaceae	Vizhal	Low and high altitude evergreen forests	Dried fruit, root, seed	Embelic acid christembine	Vernfifuge, astringent antibacterial; fever, cough, diarrhoea.
57	Embelia tsjeriam cottam (Roem. ex Schult) DC.Myrsinaceae	Vizhalari	Dry and moist  mixed deciduous forests	Fruit, dried bark of root	Embelin	Antipasmodic, carminative, anthelminthic,  pile.
58	Entada phaseoloides (L.) Merr. Mimosaceae	Malamanchadi	Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests	Stem, bark, seed	Saponin, glucoside, alkaloids	tooth ache ulcers and post natacare
59	Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. Convolvulaceae	Vishnukranti	Common in open and grassy places	Whole plant, leaf	Alkaloid	Bitter, tonic,febrifuge, anthelminthic, antidysenteric

60	Ficus benghalensis L. Moraceae	Peral	Mostly planted, occasionally wild in secondary forests	Latex, bark, leaf, seed	..	Astringent antidysenteric, antidiarrhoeal, antidiabetic; gonorrhoea
61	Ficus microcarpa L.f. Moraceae	Ithi	Semi-evergreen and  moist mixed deciduous forests	Leaf, root	..	Stomachic, aperien fever
62	Fir'us racemosa L. Moraceae	Athi	Semi-evergreen and moist mixed deciduous forests	Bark, root, leaf,fruit, latex	..	astringent, antidysenteric, antidiabetic
63	Ficus religiosa L. Moraceae	Arayal	Often planted in temples or as an avenue tree	Bark, fruit, seed, leaf	..	Astringent, laxatiw cooling, alterative, purgative; gonorrhoea, scabics

64	Garcinia gummigutta (L.) Robs Clusiaceae	kodampuli	Tropical evergreen forests	Fruit	Resin	Antiseptic. purgati, rheumatism, bowel complaints, piles
65	GIoriosa superba L. Liliaceae	Menthonni	Semi-evergreen, dry and moist mixed deciduous forests and scrub jungles	Root	Superbine gloriosine	Purgative, anthelminthic; gonorrhoea, leprosy antidote for snake bite and or scorpionary sting
66	Gmelina arborea Roxb. Verbenaceae	Kumizhu	Semi-evergreen and moist mixed deciduous forests	Leaf	Demulcent;	gonorrhoea, cough and ulcers
67	Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) Roem. Asclepiadaceae	Chakkarakolli	Moist mixed deciduous forests	Leaf	Gymnemic acid	Antidiabetic

68	Helicteres isora L Sterculiaceae.	Idampiri- valampiri	Semi-evergreen and moist mixed deciduous forests	Bark, fruit, root	phytosterol saponin	Antidysenteric, antidiarrhoeal, antiinflammatory; scabies
69	Hemidesmus indicus (Willd.) Schultes Asclepiadaceae	Narunandi Nannari	Dry and moist mixed deciduous and semi-evergreen forests	Root	Essential oils saponins	Demulcent, diuretic: fever, skindiseases, rheumatism, leucorrhoea, syphili
70	Heracleum candolleanum Gamble Apiaceae	Chittelam	Montane grasslands above 1000m	Seed, rhizome		Expectorant, sedative; rheumatisn breathing troubles
71	Holarrhena pubescens(Buch-Ham.) G. Don f. Apocynaceae	Kudakappala	Moist mixed deciduous forests and secondary forests	Stem bark, seed	Conessine holarrhimine	Astringent, febrifug, antidysenteric, anthelminthic
72	Holoptelia integrifolia (Roxb.)PlanchUhnaceae	Aaval	Evergreen forests	Bark	Fatty oil	Rheumatism, swellings
73	Holostemma annulare (Roxb.) Schum. Asclepiadaceae	Adakodien Adapathiyan	Dry or moist mixed deciduous forests	Root		Tonic, aphrodisiac; diabetes, ophthalmia spermatorrhoea,
74	Hydnocarpus macrocarpa (Bedd.) Warb. Flacourtiaceae	Malankumm- attivellanangu	Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests	Seed	Oil	Skin diseases

75	lpomea pestridis L. Convolvulaceae	Pulichuvadi	Grasslands and open places	Root	Resin	Purgative, boils and carbuncle
76	Ixora coccinea L. Rubiaceae	Chethi	Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests, also in cultivation	Flower	Acrid aromaticoil, tannin, fatty acids	Dysentery, dysmenorrhoea

77	Janakia arayalpathra Joseph. et Chandras.Periplocaceae	Amritha pala	Evergreen forests at hill tops	Tuberous roots	Milky latex	Anti ulcer, jaundice
78	Kaempferia galanga L. Zingiberaceae	Kacholam	Cultivated, very scarce in wild	Rhizome	Essential oil	Stimulant,diuretic, carminative expectorant

79	Luffa acutangula(L.) Roxb. Cucurbitaceae	Puichenga	Cultivated and naturalized	Fruit, seed	Cucurbitacin.B, D, G & Holeanolic acid	Laxative, purgative; skin diseases, asthma, spleen disorders
80	Madhuca indica Gmel.Sapotaceae	lrippa	Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests	Flower, bark	Saponin	Astringent, tonic, apetizer, piles
81	Madhuca Iongoiblia (Koenig) Mc BrideSapotaceae	'Nattilippa	..	Bark, flower, seed.gummy, juice	Poisonous saponin, essential oil	Antipruritic, laxative anthelminthic; rheumatism, skindiseases
82	Mallottts philippensis (Lam.) Muell - Arg.	Kurangu manjal Euphorbiaceae	Moist mixed deciduous forests, semi-evergreen forests	Leaf, glands and hairs of fruit	Rottlerin, isolotterine, resin,	Apetizer, antiseptic, anthelminthic wax
83	Mesua.ferrea L. Clusiaceae	Nagachempakam Churuli Nanku	Evergreen forests	Flower, fruit, leaf	Essential oil	Astringent, stomachic, subdorific. antidysenteric, piles, antidote for snake poison
84	Moringa oleifera Lam Moringaceae	Muringa	Cultivated	Root, root bark, stem bark, fruit, flower, seed oil	Moringine moringinine	Stimulant, abortifacient, cardiac and circulatory tonic, sedative, aphrodisiac; hepatic & spleen disorders, rheumatism, dental caries, venereal diseases
85	Murraya koenigii (L.) Sprengel Rutaceae	Curry vepu	Often cultivated in homestead gardens	Stem bark, root, leaf	Koenigin, essential oil	Stomachic, antidysenteric, febrifuge
86	Mristica malabarica Lam. Myristicaceae	Kattujathi	Evergreen forests, Myristica swamps	Seed	Essential oil	Analgesic, indolentulcers

87	Nelumbo nuciera Gaertn. Nelumbonaceae	Thamara	Fresh water bodies	Flower, seed,root, leaf	Nelumbine(alk.)	All parts cooling, astringent, anthelminthic cardiactonic; leprosy and other skin diseases
88	Nilgirianthus cilittts (Nees) syn. Bremek. Acanthaceae	Karimkurinji	Tropical evergreen forests	Leaf, root, seed, bark	.	Diuretic; gout, lumbago; pain killer, jaundice, dropsy, rheumatism gonorrhoea, spermatorrhoea

79

Luffa acutangula(L.) Roxb. Cucurbitaceae

Puichenga

Cultivated and naturalized

Fruit, seed

Cucurbitacin.B, D, G & H oleanolic acid

Laxative, purgative; skin diseases, asthma, spleen disorders

80	Madhuca indica Gmel.Sapotaceae	lrippa	Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests	Flower, bark	Saponin	Astringent, tonic, apetizer, piles
81	Madhuca Iongoiblia (Koenig) Mc Bride Sapotaceae	'Nattilippa		Bark, flower, seed. gummy, juice	Poisonous saponin, essential oil	Antipruritic, laxative anthelminthic; rheumatism, skin diseases
82	Mallottts philippensis (Lam.) Muell - Arg. Euphorbiaceae	Kurangu manjal	Moist mixed deciduous forests, semi-evergreen forests	Leaf, glands and hairs of fruit	Rottlerin, isolotterine, resin, wax	Apetizer, antiseptic, anthelminthic
83	Mesua.ferrea L. Clusiaceae	Nagachempakam Churuli Nanku	Evergreen forests	Flower, fruit, leaf	Essential oil	Astringent, stomachic, subdorific. antidysenteric, piles, antidote for snake poison
84	Moringa oleifera Lam Moringaceae	Muringa	Cultivated	Root, root bark, stem bark, fruit,flower, seed oil	Moringine moringinine	Stimulant, abortifacient, cardiac and circulatory tonic, sedative, aphrodisiac; hepatic & spleen disorders, rheumatism, dental caries, venereal diseases
85	Murraya koenigii (L.) Sprengel Rutaceae	Curry vepu	Often cultivated in homestead gardens	Stem bark, root, leaf	Koenigin, essential oil	Stomachic, antidysenteric, febrifuge
86	Myristica malabarica Lam. Myristicaceae	Kattujathi	Evergreen forests, Myristica swamps	Seed	Essential oil	Analgesic, indolent ulcers
87	Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Nelumbonaceae	Thamara	Fresh water bodies	Flower, seed, root, leaf	Nelumbine(alk.)	All parts cooling, astringent, anthelminthic cardiac tonic; leprosy and other skin diseases
88	Nilgirianthus cilittts (Nees) syn. Bremek. Acanthaceae	Karimkurinji	Tropical evergreen forests	Leaf, root, seed, bark	.	Diuretic; gout, lumbago; pain killer, jaundice, dropsy, rheumatism gonorrhoea, spermatorrhoea

89	Ocimum basilicum L.Lamiaceae	Tirunruthu	Often cultivated in gardens	Flower, seed, root, leaf	Essential oil containing linalool and traces of eugenol	Carminatiye, diuretic, antidysenteric, antidiarrhoeal; bowel complaints in children
90	Ocimum sanctum L. Lamiaceae	Tulasi	Cultivated and naturalized	Leaf, seed, root whole plant	Essential oil containing eugenol, carvaool emethyl, caryophyllene	Diaphoretic, expectorant, stomachic, bronchitis, catarrh, hepatic disorders
91	Operculina turpethum (L.) Silva Convolvulaceae	Trikolpakonna	Grasslands and waste places	Root, flower	Turpethin glycosidic rosin	Purgative, antibacterial, antidote for scorpion sting, snakebite
92	Oroxylum indicum (L.)Benth, ex Kurz Bignoniaceae	Palakapayyani	Evergreen and moist mixed deciduous forest above 600m.	Bark, fruit, seed	Oroxylin	Astringent, tonic, antidiarrhoeal, antidysenteric, rheumatism
93	Oxalis corniculata L Oxalidaceae	Puliyarila	Wet, marshy places in the plains and hills	Leaf, whole plant	Acid potassium oxalate	Cooling, refrigerent, stomachic; scurvy

94	Phyllanthus emblica L.Eupborbiaceae	Nelli	Dry and moist mixed deciduousforests	Fruit	Vitamin C	Refrigerent, diuretic, laxative, antidiarrhoeal, antidysenteric, antiinfiammatory; jaundice, dyspepsia, asthma, bronchitis
95	Phyllanthus niruri L. Euphorbiaceae	Kizharnelli	Common in the plains and moist mixed deciduous forests	Whole plant, leaf, root	Phyllanthin, hypophyllantbin	Diuretic; genito-urinal and hepatic disorders (jaundice)
96	Piper longum L. Piperaceae	Tippali	Evergreen, semi-evergreen and moist mixed deciduous forests	Dried unripe fruit, root	Piperine, pipula triacontane,dihy drostigmasterol	Pungent, aphrodisiac,  laxative, stomachic, carminative, cough, bronchitis
97	Piper nigrum L. Piperacaeae	Kurumulaku	Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests; cultivated and wild	Fruit	Piperine, chavicine	Aromatic, stimulant, stomachic, digestive; fever, sore throat, piles, skin diseases
98	Plumbago zeylanica L. Plumbaginaceae	Velutha koduveli	Dry mixed deciduous forests, and also in cultivation	Root, root bark,milky juice	Plumbagin	Anticancerous. antibacterial antifungal
99	Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Papilionaceae	Ungu pongu	Semi-evergreen forest, and also planted as avenue tree	Seed, bark, leaf fruit	karanjin pongamol, glabrin (alks.)	Piles, ulcers, urinary diseases, blood purifier

100

Quisqualis indica L. Combretaceae

..

Scrub jungles, highly naturalized

Seed

Quisqualic acid

Anthelminthic

101	Rauvolfia serpentina(L.) Benth. ex Kurz. Apocynaceae antihypertensive, tranquilizer	Sarpagandhi	Moist mixed deciduous forests	Root, leaf	Ajamalicine, rescinnamine reserpine (alks.)	Circulatory disroder
102	Rubia cordifolia L. Rubiaceae	Manchatti	Semi-evergreen and moist mixed deciduous forests	Root	Manjustin	Tonic, alterative, astringent, antidote cobra venom, scorpion sting.

103	Salacia reticulata Wight Hippocrataceae	Ekanayakam	.	Root bark	.	Gonorrhoea, rheumatism and skin diseases
104	Santalum album L. Santalaceae	Chandanam	Dry mixed deciduous forests	Wood, bark	Oil from heartwood santalenes, betulic acid [3-sitosterol, fatty oil, triterpinoid from bark	Cooling, alexiteric, antipyretic, aphrodisiac, diaphoretic; headache, skin diseases, gonorrhoea urithritis
105	Saraca asoca (Roxb.) Willd. Ceasalpiniaceae	Asokam	Occasional in evergreen forests; cultivated	Bark, flower	Tannin-catechol	Anti inflammatory antidiabetic; menstrual disorders, leucorrhoea, piles, scabies
106	Semecarpus anacardium L;|Anacardiaceae	Alakkucheru	Moist mixed deciduous forests	Nut, bark	Anacardic acid cardol, catechot anacardol	Vermifuge; rheumatism, venereal and skin diseases.
107	Sida cordifolia.L. Malvaceae	Valiyakurunthotti	Dry mixed deciduous forests and secondary forests	Root bark, seed,whole plant	Alkaloid identical to ephedrine	Spermatorrhoea, dysentery, gonorrhoe tetanus, Ieucorrhoea, facial paralysis
108	Spilanthes calva Asteraceae	Kuppamanjal	In wet areas of plains and waste places	Flower, seed	Spilanthol, sterol	Pungent: toothache, salivation, anaestheti for slammering in children in Western India. Dysentery
109	Stereospermum colaris (Dill.) Mabb. Bignoniaceae	Pathiri	Moist mixed deciduous forests upto 1300m alt.	Root, leaf, flower	.	Febrifuge
110	Strychnos Nux Vomica L. Loganiaceae	Kanjiram	Moist and dry mixed deciduous forests	Root bark, leaf, seed, wood	Strychnine brucine, loganin'	Nervine tonic, stimulant; ulcers, epilepsy, dysenteric fever, dyspepsia, col (poisonous in excessdoses)

103	Salacia reticulata Wight Hippocrataceae	Ekanayakam	.	Root bark	.	Gonorrhoea, rheumatism and skin diseases
104	Santalum album L. Santalaceae	Chandanam	Dry mixed deciduous forests	Wood, bark	Oil from heartwood santalenes, betulic acid [3-sitosterol, fatty oil, triterpinoid from bark	Cooling, alexiteric, antipyretic, aphrodisiac, diaphoretic; headache, skin diseases, gonorrhoea urithritis
105	Saraca asoca (Roxb.) Willd. Ceasalpiniaceae	Asokam	Occasional in evergreen forests; cultivated	Bark, flower	Tannin-catechol	Anti inflammatory antidiabetic; menstrual disorders, leucorrhoea, piles, scabies
106	Semecarpus anacardium L;|Anacardiaceae	Alakkucheru	Moist mixed deciduous forests	Nut, bark	Anacardic acid cardol, catechot anacardol	Vermifuge; rheumatism, venereal and skin diseases.
107	Sida cordifolia.L. Malvaceae	Valiyakurunthotti	Dry mixed deciduous forests and secondary forests	Root bark, seed,whole plant	Alkaloid identical to ephedrine	Spermatorrhoea, dysentery, gonorrhoe tetanus, Ieucorrhoea, facial paralysis
108	Spilanthes calva Asteraceae	Kuppamanjal	In wet areas of plains and waste places	Flower, seed	Spilanthol, sterol	Pungent: toothache, salivation, anaestheti for slammering in children in Western India. Dysentery
109	Stereospermum colaris (Dill.) Mabb. Bignoniaceae	Pathiri	Moist mixed deciduous forests upto 1300m alt.	Root, leaf, flower	.	Febrifuge
110	Strychnos Nux Vomica L. Loganiaceae	Kanjiram	Moist and dry mixed deciduous forests	Root bark, leaf, seed, wood	Strychnine brucine, loganin'	Nervine tonic, stimulant; ulcers, epilepsy, dysenteric fever, dyspepsia, col (poisonous in excessdoses)

111	Terminalia arjuna W. & A. Combretaceae	Neer maruthu	Evergreen forests; mostly on the banks of rivers and streams	Leaf, bark, fruit	Arjunine essentialoil	Cardiac tonic, heart diseases
112	Terminalia belerica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Combretaceae	Thanni	Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests	Fruit	Tannin	Bitter, astringent,laxative, antipyretic purgative, piles,diarrhoea, biliousness
113	Terminalia chebula Retz Combretaceae	Kadukka	Evergreen, semi-evergreen forests	Fruit, bark	Chebulinic acid	Astringent, laxative, diuretic,cardiac tonic; antiseptic, ulcers, dental caries
114	Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook. f. & Thorns. Menispermaceae	Chittamruth	Semi-evergreen and moist mixed deciduous forests	Whole plant, fruit	Berberine	Diabetes, jaundice, rheumatism, general disabilities
115	Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. Rutaceae	Kaka todali	All types of forests	Root bark	Essential oil, berberine	Tonic, stimulant antipyretic
116	Tribulus terrestris L. Zygophyllaceae	Njerinjil	Dry mixed deciduous forests and in the plains	Fruit	Alkaloid, essential oil, resin	Diuretic, aphrodisiac urinary and kidney disorders
117	Trichopus zeylanicus ssp. travancoricus Burk. ex. Narayanan Trichopodaceae	Arogya pacha	Moist mixed decidious and evergreen forests	Tender fruit, whole plant	-	Anti fatigue, immunostimulant
118	Trichosanthes cucumeriana L. Cucurbitaceae	Kattupadavalam	Moist mixed decidious and evergreen forests	Leaf, stem; root, fruit	Fatty acids	Febrifuge, cardiac  antipyretic, anthehninthic; bilious disorders
119	Tylophora Indica (Burm,f.) Merrill Asclepiadaceae	Vallippala	Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests	Leaf	Tylophorine tylophorinine	Emetic, expectorant